The role of alphacell dysregulation in fasting and postprandial hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes and therapeutic. It affects 10 15% of the adult population in the western countries, many of whom require costly treatments or renal replacement therapy. A disturbed balance between coagulation and fibrinolysis has been implicated in the pathogenesis hereof. Diabetes mellitus dm is a metabolic disorder characterized by the presence of chronic hyperglycemia either immunemediated type 1 diabetes, insulin resistance type 2, gestational or others. Insulin binds to its receptor which involves many protein activation cascades. Download guideshow to diabetes mellitus type 2 pathophysiology scribd for paul december 11th, 2020. Diabetes diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic diseases characterized by hyperglycemia is a result of defects in insulin secretion or action of the two. Insulin is the key hormone for regulating blood glucose. The objective of this research is to gain a greater understanding of the cause of fasting and postprandial hyperglycemia in people with type 2 diabetes. High blood glucose, or hyperglycemia, can cause major health complications in people with diabetes over time. Hyperglycemia is a common finding in hospitalized patients and has been associated with worsened outcomes in a variety of inpatient subpopulations. Hypoglycemia pathophysiology physiological effect of insulin. As ros production is a common feature of the above described pathways 119, 164, chronic oxidative stress certainly plays a central role in the development of diabetes and diabetic complications 22, 165, 166. Hyperglycemia induces renal damage directly or through hemodynamic modifications.
Copy the doc id from scribd site and paste at the link 4. This work is unique in providing an integrated picture of the effects of hyperglycemia on vascular metabolism, function, and disease. Pathogenesis of fasting and postprandial hyperglycemia in. The use of insulin to control blood glucose has been advocated as a way to improve health outcomes in hospitalized patients with hyperglycemia, but the evidence for the efficacy of this approach and the thresholds for initiating insulin management. Diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic diseases which causes high blood sugar to. What to do about high blood sugar the best way to avoid high blood sugar is to follow your diabetes care plan. Pathophysiology dm diabetes mellitus type 1 insulin. Hyperglycemia results from a decrease in the bodys ability to utilize or store glucose after carbohydrates are ingested and from an.
Optimizing diabetes and hyperglycemia management in the. Case study diabetes mellitus free download as word doc. Acute complications of diabetes mellitus hyperglycemia. Type 2 diabetes and insulin resistance syndromes are associated with an increased risk for cardiovascular and thrombotic complications. Stressinduced hyperglycemia is common in critically ill patients, even among those without diabetes mellitus.
In the body, resulting from an accumulation of an acid or the loss of a base. And its this autoimmune attack of the beta cells here that causes the pancreas to not be able to produce any insulin. Definition, diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus. Pathophysiology hypoglycemia hypothyroidism scribd. In brief the threat and incidence of hypoglycemia is the major limiting factor in intensive glycemic control for both type 1 and type 2 diabetes. This book is intended to serve as a general learning material for diabetes mellitus by the health center team. Hyperglycemia, or elevated glucose levels within the blood, is the hallmark of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Endocrine pancreas and pharmacotherapy of diabetes mellitus and hypoglycemia. This is usually a side effect of treatment with bloodsugarlowering medication. Case study diabetes mellitus pancreas insulin scribd. Pathophysiology and classification of kidney diseases. Hyperglycemia and glycation in diabetic complications. Diabetes mellitus type 2 pathophysiology scribd paoson. Dka is consequence of absolute or relative insulin deficiency with increase in counterregulatory hormones. Although they have important differences, they both occur because of lack of insulin effect and can be considered two manifestations of the same underlying mechanism. Postprandial hyperglycemia and diabetes complications. Causes of high blood sugar include lack of or decreased insulin in the blood due to. The tyrosine kinase activity causes phosphorylation of intracellular enzymes. Hyperglycemia happens when your body doesnt make enough insulin or cant use it the right way. Hyperglycemia, diabetes and vascular disease clinical.
Although there are differences in the pathogenesis of these two types of vascular disease, the emphasis in the book is on the common mechanisms by which hyperglycemia produces vascular alterations. Powerpoint is the worlds most popular presentation software which can let you create professional diabetes mellitus powerpoint presentation easily and in no time. Pathophysiology of diabetes mellitus type 1 free download as word doc. Pathophysiology, prevalence and prevention, 3rd ed, american diabetes association, alexandria, va 2016. Hyperglycemia high blood sugar is the most common cause of diabetes both type 1 and 2. Apr 07, 2020 hyperglycemia means high blood sugar or glucose. Hyperglycemia results from a decrease in the bodys ability to utilize or store glucose after carbohydrate s are ingested and from an increase in the production of glucose by the liver during the intervals between meals. Hyperglycemia is a condition that commonly affects people with diabetes, but can also be a symptom of other conditions. Chronic hyperglycemia that persists even in fasting states is most commonly caused by diabetes mellitus, and in fact chronic hyperglycemia is the defining characteristic of the disease. Fasting hyperglycemia can rapidly change to severe hyperglycemia or ketoacidosis in infection or other stress.
Hales and colleagues 78 have demonstrated that many lean caucasians with mild fasting hyperglycemia oct 25, 2010 this process is initiated and perpetuated by the pathophysiological consequences of the hyperglycemic state. It should be kept in mind, though, that it is not a substitute for standard textbooks. In diabetes, the postprandial phase is characterized by a rapid and large increase in blood glucose levels, and the possibility that the postprandial hyperglycemic spikes may be relevant to the onset of cardiovascular complications has recently received much attention. Sep 22, 2008 an enormous amount of research has been dedicated to unraveling the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes mellitus over the last 30 years.
Pdf hyperglycemia and glycation in diabetic complications. Diabetes mellitus is a multifactorial disease, classically influenced by genetic determinants of individual susceptibility and by environmental accelerating factors, such as lifestyle. If your blood sugar levels are high for several days, you may also feel hungry, nauseated or dizzy when you stand. To determine the selective effects of hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia on coagulation and fibrinolysis, six healthy humans were studied. Scribd is the worlds largest social reading and publishing site. This is due in part to impaired insulininduced suppression of endogenous glucose production, which. Right click on the scribd site and click view page souce 5. Diabetic nephropathy diabetic nephropathy is a clinical syndrome characterized by the occurrence of persistent microalbuminuria in concomitance with insulin or noninsulindependent diabetes. Read hyperglycemia books like controlling diabetes the natural way and diabetes for free with a free 30day trial. Pathophysiology type i diabetes video khan academy.
Pdf the pathogenesis and pathophysiology of type 1 and. Hypoglycemia sets in when blood sugar levels are too low. Insulin is a hormone that moves glucose into cells to give them energy. High blood sugar hyperglycemia 2 if you have any of these symptoms, check your blood sugar level to see if that is the problem. Optimizing diabetes and hyperglycemia management in the inpatient setting overview greg maynard m. Insulin is a hormone that moves glucose into your cells to give them energy. Hyperglycemia of diabetes is related to longterm damage, dysfunction and failure of various organs, especially eyes, kidneys, nerves and blood vessels. Insulin is a hormone that helps the glucose get into your cells to give them energy. Type 2 diabetes mellitus with hyperglycemia case study presentation. Jun 16, 2014 therefore, chronic hyperglycemia would inevitably cause chronic reductive stress that leads to oxidative stress. When the amount of glucose is too high, you have a high blood sugar, or hyperglycemia.
Stress hyperglycemia is common in critically ill patients and appears to be a marker of disease severity. Clinicians, researchers and policy makers have assumed this association to be causal with the widespread adoption of protocols and programs for tight in. Diabetes mellitus type 2 pathophysiology scribd 247 access. People develop hyperglycemia if their diabetes is not treated properly. Call your diabetes care team if your blood sugar is higher than your goal for 3 days in a row or as suggested by your diabetes care team. Hyperglycemia dehydration acidosis an abnormal increase in hydrogen ion conc. How to download documents from scribd for free 2020. Case study of diabetes mellitus type 2 scribd 3 proven steps to reverse type2 diabetes, gestational diabetes questionnaire diabetes destroyer hoax top categories.
Free download diabetes mellitus powerpoint presentation slides. This guide, posted back in 2015, has been continuously updated and is still 100% working. Glucose sugar in your blood is used for energy for all parts of your body. Cerebral palsy download as pdf file pdf txt or read online from scribd flag for inappropriate content case study 3 research. The vascular devastation of hyperglycemia can occur by several mechanisms, impacting the vessel wall, monocyte derived macrophages, and vascular smooth muscle cells. Therefore, chronic hyperglycemia would inevitably cause chronic reductive stress that leads to oxidative stress. Classification, pathophysiology, diagnosis and management. Diabetes mellitus is a spectrum of metabolic disorders arising from myriad pathogenic mechanisms, all resulting in hyperglycemia. Furthermore, both the admission as well as the mean glucose level during the hospital stay is strongly associated with patient outcomes. If your blood is high in sugar it can be come thick and sticky, like other liquids that are high in sugar syrup or honey, which move slowly through your body.
Diabetes diabetes is a disease in which your blood glucose, or blood sugar, levels are too high. Manifestation little or no insulin secretion low or undetectable cpeptide pathophysiology insulin deficiency increased glucose production by the liver and kidney and impaired peripheral glucose utilisation hyperglycaemia. Pathophysiology of diabetes mellitus type 1 scribd. Hyperglycemia hyperglycemia means high blood sugar or glucose.
Increasing evidence suggests that the postprandial state is a contributing factor to the development of atherosclerosis. Diabetes is a metabolic disease with farreaching health effects. Hyperglycemia causes osmotic diuresis, due to glycosuria that leads to urinary frequency, polyuria, and polydipsia that may worsen to include orthostatic hypotension and hydration. Acute episodes of hyperglycemia without an obvious cause may indicate developing diabetes or a predisposition to the disorder. With type 1 diabetes, your body does not make insulin. High blood sugar cray diabetes selfmanagement center glucose sugar in your blood is used for energy for all parts of your body.
If your blood sugar keeps going higher, other people may notice that you act confused. Endogenous glucose production is excessive before eating and fails to appropriately suppress after eating in people with type 2 diabetes. And this is what causes the destruction of the beta cells in the absence of the production of insulin. Diabetes mellitus type 2 case study scribd diabetestalk. Hyperglycemia high blood sugar diabetes medlineplus. Endocrine pancreas and pharmacotherapy of diabetes mellitus. Learn the definition and explore the most frequently seen physical symptoms. Nothing can control your journey and where it goes but you and you alone. Pathophysiology and management of diabetic retinopathy. Hyperglycemia was recorded in 95 patients with ischemic stroke 22. Common symptoms of high blood sugar are increased thirst and the need to urinate often. In the past, hyperglycemia was thought to be an adaptive response to stress, but hyperglycemia is no longer considered a benign condition in patients with critical illnesses. Chronic kidney disease ckd is far more prevalent worldwide than was previously assumed.
New treatments may change how physicians prevent and treat diabetic retinopathy. Hyperglycemia, and the associated inflammatory processes, lead to the micro and macrovascular changes that are seen as complications. Hyperglycemia develops in type 2 diabetes when there is an imbalance of glucose production i. Hyperglycemia happens when body doesnt make enough insulin or cant use it the right way. This helps you give your presentation on diabetes mellitus in a conference, a school lecture, a business proposal, in a webinar and business and professional representations. Hyperglycemia high blood sugar causes too much food illness not enough insulin infection decreased activity stress symptoms thirst frequent urination fatigue blurred vision nausea action necessary check blood glucose check urine for ketones glucose 300 mgdl or level set in diabetes care plan moderatesevere. Aprenda com especialistas em diabetes mellitus como american diabetes association e george king. The reduction in hyperglycemia was not accompanied by significant effects on. Typically, patients with type 1 diabetes are more likely to exhibit. How to download documents from scribd for free 2020 update note.
Hyperglycemic reactions have aslow onset due to insufficient insulin, too little activity, or too much food. Hyperglycemia can occur when blood sugar levels are too high. If unsure of insulin shock or hyperglycemia, the carbohydrates worsen situation will not condition. Pathophysiology of diabetes mellitus type 2 free download as word doc. Pathophysiology dka is characterized by hyperglycemia, acidosis, and ketonuria. D iabetic ketoacidosis dka and hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state hhs are acute and potentially lifethreatening complications of diabetes.
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